those listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable). This system is designed to determine the relative risk of extinction, and the main purpose of the IUCN Red List is to catalogue and highlight those taxa that are facing a higher risk of global extinction (i.e. Summary: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species provides taxonomic, conservation status and distribution information on taxa that have been globally evaluated using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Dickman, 1996, Stevenson and Woelher, 2007).
Seabirds and mammals are included among the prey taken by feral dogs (e.g.
It was estimated that this single dog alone had killed 500 out of 900 birds, although this estimate was considered to be possibly conservative (Taborsky 1988). In New Zealand, during study of kiwi (see Apteryx australis Apteryx haastii Apteryx mantelli and Apteryx owenii in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) in a Northland forest, the loss of 13 out of 23 kiwi fitted with transmitters was found to be the result of predation by one German shepherd dog. Uncontrolled domestic dogs can be equally as damaging as truly feral animals. It is suggested that the possible route of transmission from domestic dogs was the spotted hyena that range through human habitation and travel long distances within the park (Roelke-Parker et al. This epidemic claimed at least 30% of the lion population (estimated at 3000 in Serengeti at that time). Later that year the epidemic had spread north to lions, hyenas, bat-eared foxes and leopards in the Maasi Mara National reserve.
The Serengeti lion population (see Panthera leo in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) which remained unaffected during these two epidemics was hit by an epidemic in early 1994, caused by a morbillivirus which is closely related to CDV. The canids affected included silver-backed jackals ( Canis mmesomelas) and bat-eared foxes ( Otocyon megalotis) in 1978 and endangered African wild dogs (see Lycaon pictus in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) in 1991. The source of the CDV was probably domestic dogs in the local villages surrounding the park. Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is thought to have caused several fatal epidemics within the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem in East Africa. gazella in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (Manor and Salz, 2004). In Israel, free-ranging feral dogs are a major threat to populations of endangered mountain gazelles (see Gazella gazella ssp.
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